As previous literature updates, I have performed a PubCrawler search looking for football articles in NCBI Medline (PubMed) and GenBank databases.

Following studies were retrieved for this week:

1 Effects of balance training combined with stroboscopic visual training on balance ability in college-aged male soccer players

Reference: BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Jul 18;17(1):207. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01255-7.
Authors: Maochun Lu, Yuan Zhai, Hui Peng, Junsheng Cao, Yi Yang, Liang Chen
Download link: https://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13102-025-01255-7.pdf
Summary: Balance training combined with stroboscopic visual training (SVT) has emerged as a potential intervention for enhancing athletic performance. However, limited evidence exists regarding its effectiveness on soccer players‘ balance abilities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week SVT combined with balance training program on balance ability in college-aged male soccer players. Thirty male soccer players (aged 18-22 years) were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (SVT + balance training, n = 15) or a control group (traditional training, n = 15). Balance assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention using the Stork Stand Balance Test (SSBT), Static Single Stance Test (ST), Y-Balance Test (YBT), Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Motor Control Test (MCT), and Adaptation Test (ADT). The experimental group underwent thrice-weekly training sessions combining SVT (3 Hz frequency) with progressive balance exercises. Significant improvements were observed in the experimental group compared to the control group across multiple parameters (p < 0.05). The experimental group demonstrated superior performance in SSBT (Cohen’s d = 3.431), ST under eyes-closed conditions (d = 1.318), YBT for both dominant (d = 2.582) and non-dominant legs (d = 3.699), SOT composite score (d = 1.579), and ADT toes-down condition (d = 1.581). Additionally, significant enhancements were noted in visual (VIS) and vestibular (VEST) indices of the SOT. The 12-week balance training combined with SVT significantly improved static and dynamic balance abilities in college-aged male soccer players, particularly under visually challenging conditions. This integrated training approach may provide an effective strategy for enhancing balance control in soccer players.

2 Citius, Altius, Fortius: secular trends of physical and fitness parameters of professional soccer players in first division of Greece (1981-2013)

Reference: J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2025 Jul 18. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.25.16812-6. Online ahead of print.
Authors: Dimitrios Antonakis-Karamintzas, Apostolos Z Skouras, Stelios Poulos, Konstantinos N Pavlou, Panagiotis K Behrakis, Miltos P Vassiliou, Christos P Balabinis, Charilaos Tsolakis, Paris Christogeorgos, Panagiotis Koulouvaris
Summary: Over the past several decades, soccer has undergone significant evolution, reflected by increasing physical demands and distinct anthropometric characteristics among elite players worldwide. This study examines long-term trends in anthropometric and physiological characteristics of professional soccer players of Greece first division from 1981 to 2013. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing data from 850 male players, aged 18-40, competing in Greece’s top soccer league. Participants were divided into five groups based on evaluation periods (1981-1989, 1990-1995, 2000-2004, 2005-2010, and 2011-2013). Anthropometric measurements included height, body mass, and body fat percentage, while physiological assessments included maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), minute ventilation (VE), anaerobic power (Wingate Test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump, CMJ). Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests, with correlations assessed and adjusted for anthropometrics. Over time, significant increases were observed in height (η2=0.089, P<0.001), V̇O2max (η2=0.281, P<0.001), anaerobic power output (η2=0.732, P<0.001), and CMJ height (η2=0.160, P<0.001), while body fat percentage declined significantly (η2=0.085, P<0.001) from 1981 to 2013. Positive correlations were found between V̇O2max, anaerobic power, and CMJ performance. The observed improvements in anthropometric and physiological characteristics among Greek soccer players reflect the increased physical demands of modern soccer over a period of about 30 years. Increased aerobic and anaerobic capacities, along with improved body composition, indicate the impact of advancements in training and selection practices. Future research should investigate how various training practices and individual internal and external factors affect performance outcomes.

3 The effect of football (soccer) heading on gross and fine motor control in women

Reference: Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Jul 2:7:1620442. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1620442. eCollection 2025.
Authors: Jac L Palmer, Bert Bond, Alex Woodgates, Jacob Jack, Oliver Smail, Ryan Baker, Genevieve Williams
Download link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1620442/full
Summary: Heading is an integral component of football, but concerns remain about its impact on brain health. This study examines the acute effects of heading on gross and fine motor control as a measure of the motor-cognitive function of women footballers. The heading protocol for this study represented the typical exposure to headers experienced in the women’s game: one every 10 min, for one hour, replicating a corner kick. A sample of 19 female collegiate football (soccer) players participated in two sessions: a control session, and a heading intervention. Gross motor control was assessed via measures of sway during standing balance, and fine motor control was evaluated using a precision finger grip task. Results showed no significant changes in gross motor control, based on postural sway parameters. However, significant alterations were observed in fine motor control in the tremor frequency (0-4 Hz band) of precision gripping, indicating a potential change in motor-cognitive function following the heading task. The findings suggest that exposure to the number and type of headers that might be performed over a typical football match does not impair standing balance, but it may affect fine motor control. Future research should look to incorporate brain imaging and electrophysiological measures to further understand the mechanisms underpinning changes in fine motor control performance after heading.

4 Is blood flow restriction during warm-up able to alter the performance of soccer players?

Reference: Int J Sports Med. 2025 Jul 16. doi: 10.1055/a-2656-9490. Online ahead of print.
Authors: Carlos Alberto Toledo Teixeira Filho, Enzo Vinícius Corrêa de Oliveira, Gislaine Rita Carneiro, Julia Waszczuk Vendrame, Eduardo Pizzo Junior, Gabriel Martins Da Silva, Gabriel Oliveira da Silva, Guilherme Henrique da Silva Brandão, Franciele Marques Vanderlei
Summary: We sought to evaluate the effects of a low-intensity warm-up with BFR compared to low- and high-intensity warm-up on performance, and perceptual responses. A randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 33 soccer players, divided into three experimental conditions: warm-up at 30% of VO₂ peak, warm-up at 80% of VO₂ peak, and warm-up at 30% of VO₂ peak combined with BFR at 80% of total occlusion pressure. Vertical jump and sprint tests, muscle pain, perception of effort, discomfort in relation to BFR and myotonometry were measured before, immediately post, and 10 and 20 minutes post-warm-up. No difference was observed between experimental conditions and no interaction between conditions vs. moments for the performance. In the condition with BFR, there was a difference for the effort perceived and the perception of discomfort in relation to the BFR technique, indicating greater perception of effort and level of discomfort. For myotonometry, differences were found, indicating lower muscle elasticity in the condition with BFR. The low-intensity warm-up with BFR as well as the low- and high-intensity warm-up without BFR resulted in similares performances. Furthermore, although perception of discomfort were greater in the warm-up condition with BFR, it can be attenuated with different BFR protocols.

5 Football/Soccer: A Review of Imaging Findings and Biomechanics

Reference: Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2025 Aug;29(4):483-496. doi: 10.1055/s-0045-1808280. Epub 2025 Jul 16.
Authors: Maria Lua Sampaio Gulde, Rodrigo Campos Pace Lasmar, Pieter D’Hooghe, Marcelo Bordalo
Summary: Football (soccer) is an intensely physical sport with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries. Diagnostic imaging is critical for evaluating and managing these injuries effectively. Football players are particularly prone to injuries involving the lower extremities, especially the knees. Goalkeepers, due to their unique role and use of hands, face a higher risk of upper extremity injuries. Understanding the biomechanics of trauma, such as rapid changes in direction and high-speed running, is essential for anticipating injury patterns. This review article examines the imaging characteristics of football-related injuries, emphasizing the biomechanical factors involved and the role of imaging in diagnosing and managing both acute and chronic conditions.

6 A comparison of methods to predict ovulation day, menstrual cycle characteristics and variability in professional female soccer players

Reference: Exp Physiol. 2025 Jul 16. doi: 10.1113/EP092476. Online ahead of print.
Authors: Rosie Anderson, Ian Rollo, Daniel Martin, Richard Burden, Rebecca K Randell, Craig Twist, Samantha L Moss
Download link: https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/EP092476
Summary: This study aimed to compare three methods of predicting ovulation day: (1) a positive urinary luteinising hormone test (LH), (2) a sustained rise in salivary progesterone above critical difference (SP), and (3) a countback regression equation (CB), to determine variability in the menstrual cycle (MC) lengths and reproductive hormone concentrations of professional female soccer players. Eight players provided daily morning saliva samples for three consecutive cycles. Samples were analysed for oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. Each MC was separated into the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases relative to the day of ovulation, using the three different methods. MC length ranged from 24 to 32 days (28.3 ± 2.4 days); intra-assay coefficient of variation (7.5%) exceeded inter-assay coefficient of variation (4.6%). Ovulation estimated using SP (15.4 ± 3.0 days) occurred later than LH (13.3 ± 2.0 days) (P = 0.017). The CB method (14.1 ± 1.8 days) did not differ from SP (P = 0.102) or LH (P = 0.262). Oestradiol and progesterone levels varied significantly between sub-phases (P < 0.001). Inter-variability surpassed intra-variability for both hormones. Differences in methods for predicting ovulation indicate the need for standardised protocols. Individual variation in MC length and hormone concentrations challenges the narrative for group-level MC recommendations, emphasising the need for individualised hormone monitoring across multiple cycles.

7 The use of horizontal force-velocity profile in soccer: a rapid systematic review

Reference: BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Jul 15;17(1):200. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01232-0.
Authors: Adam Lipčák, Lucie Lipková, Tomáš Kalina, Marcos Michaelides, Koulla Parpa, Ana Carolina Paludo
Download link: https://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13102-025-01232-0.pdf
Summary: The ability to accelerate and reach high sprinting velocities is crucial to soccer performance. In this context, the horizontal force-velocity profile (H-FVP) has emerged as a tool to evaluate neuromuscular capabilities relevant to sprinting. This rapid review aims to critically describe the application of H-FVP in soccer and summarize the characteristics of the methodologies employed in its measurement and calculation. A rapid systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Guidance and PRISMA guidelines. A search on MEDLINE (via PubMed), SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), and Web of Science databases was conducted in February 2025. Studies were considered eligible if they assessed the H-FVP in soccer players of any competitive level and both sexes. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, analysing a total of 1320 soccer players across different competitive levels. Most studies explored the relationship between H-FVP parameters and sprint or change of direction performance. Additional studies addressed variations according to playing position differences, biological maturation, fatigue responses, or injury profile. The predominant testing protocols involved linear sprints ranging from 30 to 40 m, often with split-distance measurements. The Samozino method was consistently used for H-FVP computation. Commonly reported parameters included theoretical maximal force (F0), velocity (V0), and power (Pmax), with some studies also including the ratio of force (RF) and its decrease with speed (DRF). Radar devices, photocell systems and mobile applications were the primary measurement tools utilized. This systematic review highlights the potential of the H-FVP as an approach to be used to improve sprint performance in soccer players across competitive levels. However, methodological inconsistencies among studies highlight the need for standardized testing protocols to improve their practical application. Identified gaps in the literature point out the necessity for further investigation in future research.

8 Physical and Mental Well-Being in Former Collegiate Soccer Athletes

Reference: South Med J. 2025 Jul;118(7):394-399. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001849.
Authors: Audria Wood, Maxwell Harrell, Mathew Hargreaves, Elizabeth Marks Benson, Clay Rahaman, Dev Dayal, Eugene Brabston, Thomas Evely, Aaron Casp, Amit M Momaya
Summary: Collegiate soccer may carry a high risk of injury during one’s career. Although the long-term health outcomes of injuries in professional athletes have been well documented, less is known about the short- to mid-term health and physical activity levels of former collegiate soccer players. This study aimed to evaluate the activity levels as well as the physical and mental well-being of these athletes, with a secondary focus on the impact that injury status has on these outcomes. We conducted a retrospective survey-based study involving former male and female collegiate soccer athletes who competed between 2011 and 2021. Participants completed a general survey assessing demographics, injury history, current physical activity levels using the Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), and self-reported health outcomes using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scale. A follow-up survey was administered to participants who reported injuries, focusing on joint-specific outcomes. Thirty-nine participants completed the initial survey with 86 injuries reported. Among reported injuries were foot/ankle (22), knee (20), hip (12), back (6), upper extremity (5), and other (21). The average physical activity quantity and TAS scores were 5.08 and 4.84, respectively. Average raw mental and physical PROMIS scores were 15.5 ± 1.7 and 15.6 ± 1.7, respectively. Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores averaged 76.7 in the affected limb and 89.1 in the unaffected limb. Physical PROMIS scores showed a positive correlation with affected and unaffected limb SANE scores (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively), and affected limb SANE scores showed a positive correlation with physical activity quantity (P = 0.04). Of the injury-specific outcomes, the only significant correlation with activity levels was the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale score with the TAS score (P = 0.03). Although physical activity decreases in former collegiate soccer players, their overall mental and physical health remains stable. Future research should focus on larger cohorts to further explore the impact of specific injuries on long-term health outcomes in this population.

9 Performance tracking in female youth soccer through wearables and subjective assessments

Reference: Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Jun 30:7:1627820. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1627820. eCollection 2025.
Authors: Stefan Kranzinger, Christina Kranzinger, Wolfgang Kremser, Burkhard Duemler
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12258290/pdf/fspor-07-1627820.pdf
Summary: This study investigates performance development and the relationship between subjective and objective training assessments in female youth soccer using wearable sensor technology. The aim of this study was to assess how subjective post-training ratings (intensity and happiness) relate to high-percentile performance outputs, and to identify longitudinal trends in female youth soccer players using IMU-based wearable data. Data were collected over a 14-month period from 46 players (U17 and U20 teams) equipped with foot-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) during regular training sessions. Objective performance metrics, including 95th percentile of ball speed, peak speed, and absolute distance, were derived using a multi-stage machine learning pipeline, while subjective metrics (intensity and happiness) were collected via post-session Likert-scale questionnaires using an app. Using the modified Mann-Kendall test, we found 30 significant longitudinal trends, with 14 positive and 16 negative trends across key performance metrics. Peak speed showed the highest number of trends (13), followed by absolute distance (10) and ball speed (7). Correlation analyses based on the Spearman coefficient (with False Discovery Rate correction) revealed meaningful associations between subjective self-assessments and high-percentile performance metrics, with notable differences across player positions and age groups. A robustness check confirmed these patterns also hold when analyzing the 99th percentile of performance outputs. Our findings underscore the value of combining wearable sensor data with subjective evaluations for individualized, role-specific performance monitoring and training optimization in youth soccer. However, as an exploratory study with a single cohort, findings require further validation in broader populations.

10 Machine Learning Analysis of Intensity Profiles and Key Indicators in Standard Microcycle of Professional Male Soccer Players

Reference: Res Q Exerc Sport. 2025 Jul 14:1-29. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2025.2521495. Online ahead of print.
Authors: Guglielmo Pillitteri, Rabiu Muazu Musa, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Tindaro Bongiovanni, Marco Petrucci, Antonino Bianco, Marco Beato, Giuseppe Battaglia
Summary: This study examined intensity profiles and key load indicators across different Match Days (MD) and playing positions within a standard microcycle in professional soccer. Longitudinal observational study with a machine learning-based analytical approach. Twenty-nine Italian Serie B players (25.9 ± 4.2 years) were monitored across 91 training sessions and 38 official matches during the 2023-2024 season. A total of 2,204 observations were recorded, categorizing players into six positional groups. A Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model was used to predict MD types (MD + 1, MD + 2, MD + 3, MD-3, MD-2, MD-1, and MD) based on external (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS data) and internal (Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE) load indicators. The model achieved 84% accuracy with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.97, effectively classifying MD types. K-means clustering categorized intensity profiles into low, medium, and high levels, while feature importance analysis identified key variables. Significant interactions were found between playing position and MD types for total distance/min (F(25, 2168) = 2.764, p < .001), decelerations/min (F(25, 2168) = 1.58, p = .033), and distance per minute at 0-7 km/h (F(25, 2168) = 2.41, p < .001). No significant differences emerged for distance per minute > 14.4 km/h (F(25, 2168) = 0.952, p = .531), distance per minute > 19.8 km/h (F(25, 2168) = 0.843, p = .688), or accelerations/min (F(25, 2168) = 1.28, p = .162). Positional differences in training intensity across MD types, provide coaches with data-driven insights for optimizing training loads and recovery strategies.

11 Enhancing problem-solving skills and creative thinking abilities in U-13 soccer players: the impact of rondo possession games‘ training

Reference: Biol Sport. 2025 Mar 18;42(3):227-238. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.146782. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Authors: Mohamed Mansour Bouzouraa, Wissem Dhahbi, Hatem Ghouili, Jaouher Hamaidi, Mohamed Ben Aissa, Ismail Dergaa, Noomen Guelmami, Nizar Souissi, Katja Weiss, Thomas Rosemann, Makrem Zghibi, Karim Chamari, Beat Knechtle
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12244377/pdf/JBS-42-3-55476.pdf
Summary: The aim was to investigate the impact of Rondo possession games, played in different field geometries with complex rules, on the development of problem-solving skills and creative thinking abilities in U-13 youth soccer players. In a repeated-measures and a randomized controlled trial study design, twenty-four competitive young male U-13 soccer players were split into: the training (TG, n = 12) and control (CG, n = 12) groups (matched for age, body height body mass index; and training experience; with weekly training of ~5.5 hours/week for both groups). TG performed a training programme once a week for 8 weeks integrating Rondo possession games with periodized variations, such as player formats, field shapes, duration, pitch sizes, and rest times. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) – Graphic-Figural-Creativity (abstractness-title, resistance-closure, originality, elaboration, and fluency – GFC), Problem-Solving-Inventory (problem-solving-confidence, approach-avoidance-style and personal-control – PSI) and Verbal-Creativity (flexibility, originality, fluency – VC) – were performed over time and between groups. We observed significant main effects of time (p < 0.001-0.005, ƞ 2p: 0.30-0.76 [large]) and group (p < 0.001-0.002, ƞ 2p: 0.36-0.60 [large]), as well as a significant interaction effect of time × group (p: < 0.001-0.013, ƞ 2p: 0.24-0.48 [large]) of all GFC, PSI and VC test indices. In the TG group, all TTCT indices showed significant improvement in all indices at the post-test compared to pre-test (-29.90%-227.27%, d: 1.03-4.66 [large]). This study showed that 8 weeks of integrated Rondo possession games with structured geometric variations and rule complexity significantly boosted problem-solving skills and creative thinking in U-13 soccer players. These findings suggest a promising direction for youth soccer training, focusing on developing well-rounded players capable of intelligent and flexible gameplay in diverse scenarios

12 Effects of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 on match running performance in the Spanish professional soccer league: A pilot study

Reference: Biol Sport. 2025 Mar 24;42(3):269-274. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.144414. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Authors: Tomás García-Calvo, José Carlos Ponce-Bordón, David Lobo-Triviño, Roberto López Del Campo, Ricardo Resta, Javier Raya-González
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12244402/pdf/JBS-42-3-55030.pdf
Summary: The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 was scheduled during the in-season period of the European teams, impacting soccer clubs‘ routines. This study aimed to analyse the influence of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 on match running performance in the First Spanish soccer league, considering the players‘ participation. A total of 11,530 individual match observations from 582 professional soccer players competing in the First Spanish soccer league (n = 370 matches) over the 2022/23 season were collected. Soccer players were classified according to participation in the World Cup: participants and non-participants. Pre-World Cup (1st-14th match day) and post-World Cup (15th-38th match day) periods were compared. Match running performance was obtained by the Mediacoach video tracking system in accordance with LaLiga. During the pre-World Cup period, no significant differences between groups were found, while in the post-World Cup period, non-participants covered significantly greater total distance, and distances at low, medium, and high speeds compared to the counterparts. No significant differences were observed between the periods for participants, although non-participant players covered a greater total distance, and distances at low, medium, high, and very high speeds, and sprinting during the post-World Cup period compared to the prior period. These results favour the inclusion of a long winter break in LaLiga to maintain or improve the physical performance of soccer players. Additionally, specific periodization of workload and recovery strategies for players participating in an international championship during the in-season period are crucial to prevent a decline of subsequent performance.

13 Physiological, technical, and time-motion responses according to small-sided game formats and pitch size variations in adolescent male soccer players: effects of biological maturity status

Reference: Biol Sport. 2025 Jan 16;42(3):37-49. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.146788. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Authors: Bilel Cherni, Hamza Marzouki, Okba Selmi, Yung-Sheng Chen, Anissa Bouassida, Karim Chamari
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12244381/pdf/JBS-42-3-55482.pdf
Summary: We examined the impact of biological maturity status ((pre-, circa- and post-peak height velocity (PHV)) on time-motion, physiological and technical responses of under-15 soccer players during different small-sided game (SSG) formats performed on different pitch sizes. Thirty-six players (n = 12 per biological maturity group) performed 3- and 4-a-side SSGs on regular (36 × 27 m, 40 × 30 m, respectively) and large (40 × 29 m, 44 × 33 m, respectively) pitches. Total distance (TD), peak velocity, accelerations (Accl) > 2.5 m · s-2, decelerations (Dec) > 2.5 m · s-2, distances covered at different speeds (0 to < 7.0, 7.0 to < 14.0, 14.0 to < 18.0, and ≥ 18.0 km · h-1), peak heart rate (HRpeak), HRmean (expressed as percentage of HRmax), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), post-SSG blood lactate concentration (BLa), and technical actions were recorded. There was a biological maturity effect on RPE, HRmean (%HRmax), percentage of successful passes (%SP), and interceptions, with pre-PHV players showing higher RPE and interception scores in large SSG formats (p < 0.05), and post-PHV players demonstrating higher HRmean (%HRmax) and %SP on regular and large 3-a-side and 4-a-side pitches (p < 0.05). Across all biological maturity groups, 4-a-side resulted in higher TD, distances covered at different speeds and ball-loss scores, and lower Accl, Dec, BLa, %SP, and duel scores than 3-a-side SSGs (p < 0.05) for both pitch sizes. On large pitches, 3-a-side SSGs resulted in higher ball possession, interception, and RPE scores (p < 0.05), while regular pitch sizes favoured higher Accl and Dec in both 3- and 4-a-side SSGs (p < 0.05). Large SSG formats generally outperformed regular formats in time-motion metrics. Our findings underscore the importance of considering both biological maturity and game format when designing training sessions for youth soccer players.

14 Effects of breathing a hyperoxic gas mixture on perceptual, biochemical and performance recovery following simulated soccer match play

Reference: Biol Sport. 2025 Jan 16;42(3):51-60. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.146785. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Authors: Wael Daab, Haithem Rebai, Abd-Elbasset Abaïdia, Mohamed Amine Bouzid
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12247159/pdf/JBS-42-3-55479.pdf
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of breathing a hyperoxic gas mixture on recovery kinetics after a simulated soccer match protocol. In a double-blind, randomized design, twenty-eight semi-professional soccer players completed the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) followed by the administration of either a hyperoxic (FIO2 = 99.5%: HYP) or a normoxic gas mixture (FIO2 = 21%: NORM). HYP and NORM were administered immediately after LIST and daily for the next 3 days for 15 minutes. Physical performance (squat jump: SJ, countermovement jump: CMJ, maximal voluntary contraction: MVC, and 20 m sprint: SP), blood concentrations of muscle damage markers (creatine kinase: CK, lactate dehydrogenase: LDH), marker of inflammation (C-reactive protein: CRP) and Hooper index (HI) were assessed at baseline, 15 minutes and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h following the LIST. SJ, CMJ, MVC, and SP were lower at 15 min, 24 h, and 48 h in both conditions compared to the prior LIST (p < 0.05). However, the decrease in MVC was significantly attenuated at 15 min, 24 h and 48 h in HYP compared to the NORM condition (p < 0.01). Likewise, HI, muscle soreness and fatigue scores were significantly lower in HYP compared to the NORM condition up to 48 h following the LIST (p < 0.01). The present study suggests that the application of HYP immediately after a simulated soccer match and for the next 3 days promoted a lower fatigue-induced decrement in MVC and restored perceptual parameters of fatigue in semi-professional players.

15 Impact of defensive team variables on goals conceded in the first division of the Spanish soccer league: a 10-year study

Reference: Biol Sport. 2025 Jan 14;42(3):17-28. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.145914. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Authors: Pablo Prieto-González, Víctor Martín, Alejandro Sal-de-Rellán
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12244413/pdf/JBS-42-3-55338.pdf
Summary: This study aimed to analyse the influence of defensive team variables on goals conceded in the first division of the Spanish soccer league (LaLiga) between the 2013-2014 and 2022-2023 seasons. Defensive variables from LaLiga’s first division across ten seasons (2013-2014 to 2022-2023) were analysed, including all teams that participated during this period. Thirty-three defensive metrics were selected from the Wyscout database, focusing on team performance. The selection process was conducted by three independent researchers. Moderate positive correlations were found between goals conceded and opponents‘ ball touches (r = 0.410), opponent ball possession (r = 0.358), and opponents‘ ball touches in various field areas (0.304 ≤ r ≤ 0.381). Defensive errors also correlated positively, while unsuccessful attempts to challenge a dribbling opponent showed a weak negative correlation. Regression analysis identified that opponents‘ ball touches and shots conceded were the most significant factors, explaining 25.5% of the variance in goals conceded. The findings suggest that limiting opponents‘ touches, possession, and shots is essential in minimizing goals conceded, as greater opponent control correlates with increased scoring chances. Defensive lapses undermine overall performance, while certain set-piece and defensive actions showed a limited effect. Developing strategies that reduce opponent control and improve challenge success rates is crucial. Further research is recommended across different leagues and categories to enhance understanding of defensive tactics in soccer.

16 Evaluation of youth male soccer players‘ injuries in the context of body posture

Reference: J Exp Orthop. 2025 Jul 13;12(3):e70334. doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70334. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Authors: Dorottya Szabó, Gabriella Kiss, Eva Tékus, Judit Diana Fekete, Csaba Vermes, Tibor Mintál
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12255953/pdf/JEO2-12-e70334.pdf
Summary: The number of injuries among junior footballers is extremely high. Adolescent footballers may be at particularly high risk due the changes during fast growth period. Their poor posture could be in association with incidence of injuries. Our aim was investigate the relationship between poor posture and injury characteristics of youth football players. One hundred and sixteen football players (n = 116, age range 11-18 years) were studied. We grouped our subjects by age group and academic group. A questionnaire and injury registration software were used to assess training and injury-related data. Habitual posture was analysed using the PostureScreen mobile application. Injury rates were high in the overall study population, typically highest in the U14 and U15 age groups. Significant positive correlations were found between several postural parameters and injury characteristics. Less significant correlations were observed according to academic grouping. There is a clear relationship between postural parameters measured in the frontal and sagittal planes and injury incidence in youth football players.

17 Similar strength recovery but more complications with Bone-Quadriceps Tendon Autograft compared to Quadriceps Tendon Autograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in competitive soccer players

Reference: J Exp Orthop. 2025 Jul 13;12(3):e70324. doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70324. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Authors: Jose Luis Martín Alguacil, Manuel Vides Fernánde, Carolina Fernandez-Lao, Mario Lozano-Lozano, Fahed Herbawi, Juan Carlos Monllau
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12255938/pdf/JEO2-12-e70324.pdf
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes, as well as the associated morbidity, of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using quadriceps tendon grafts, with and without bone block. This prospective cohort study involved 52 competitive Spanish federal soccer players aged 16-40. This study compared the outcomes of ACL reconstruction using Bone-Quadriceps Tendon Autograft (BQTA) and Quadriceps Tendon Autograft (QTA). Functional, clinical and patient-reported outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 3-, 6- and 12-month postoperative intervals. Both groups followed standardized surgical and rehabilitation protocols. Statistical analyses were performed to identify differences in recovery patterns and morbidity, thereby providing insights into the optimal graft selection tailored to patient-specific needs and activity levels. A total of 52 patients with ACL injuries were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in the outcomes at the final follow-up. Key metrics such as the Lysholm Knee Score (mean difference = 1.2, 95% CI: [-0.8, 3.2], p = 0.21), Visual Analogue Scale for pain (mean difference = 0.3, 95% CI: [-0.5, 1.1], p = 0.68), peak torque, hamstring/quadriceps ratios and Limb Symmetry Index showed no significant differences between the groups. Notably, 2 patellar fractures and one quadriceps tendon avulsion occurred in the BQTA, highlighting the higher morbidity associated with this particular graft. Similar functional and clinical results were observed with BQTA and QTA after ACL reconstruction in football players. Major complications were associated with the extraction of the bone block exclusively in the BQTA, which can guide the surgeon in choosing the type of quadriceps graft.

18 Effects of a dual-task training programme on tactical and working memory performance in young soccer players

Reference: J Sports Sci. 2025 Jul 14:1-17. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2025.2532999. Online ahead of print.
Authors: Pedro Emílio Drumond Moreira, Gibson Moreira Praça
Summary: This study examined the impact of a dual-task training regime incorporating small-sided games (SSG) on soccer athletes‘ tactical performance and working memory skills. A cohort of 40 under-14 soccer players was recruited and divided into three groups: the experimental group (EG), which engaged in SSG while performing dual tasks; the active control group (ACG), which practiced SSG without dual-task demands; and the passive control group (PCG), which did not participate in the study’s training regimen. The training sessions focused on reinforcing the off-the-ball length and width principle. Tactical performance was evaluated using the FUT-SAT, while working memory was assessed using the Digit Span Test. Analysis of covariance was employed, with the pre-test scores serving as covariates for the post-test and retention assessments. Results revealed that the EG exhibited superior tactical performance in the tactical principle compared to the PCG at the post-test (46%) and retention (67%) phases. Both the EG and ACG outperformed the PCG in offensive tactical proficiency during the retention phase (32% and 43%, respectively). No significant differences were detected in working memory across the groups. Thus, dual-task training within the context of SSG enhances tactical performance among young soccer players without influencing working memory capabilities.

19 The Influence of Seasonal Period and Match Outcome on External Load in Professional Soccer Players: Analyzing the Effect of Winning and Losing Streaks

Reference: Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 30;25(13):4090. doi: 10.3390/s25134090.
Authors: José C Ponce-Bordón, Jorge Polo-Tejada, David Lobo-Triviño, Borja Sanabria-Pino, Javier Raya-González, Alberto Muñoz, Tomás García-Calvo
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12252464/pdf/sensors-25-04090.pdf
Summary: The aim of this study was threefold: (i) to analyze the influence of previous match outcome on subsequent weekly training load (TL); (ii) to examine whether accumulated weekly TL varies throughout the season; and (iii) to investigate the influence of performance streaks got during competition on subsequent weekly TL. Twenty-one Spanish male professional soccer players from the same team were involved in the study. Total distance (TD), medium-speed running (MSR, distance 10.8-18.0 km·h-1), high-speed running (HSR, >21 km·h-1), very high-speed running (VHSR, 18.0-25.2 km·h-1), sprinting speed running distance (sprint, >25.2 km·h-1), player load (PL), number of accelerations (ACC), and decelerations (DEC) were recorded during training sessions using 10 Hz GPS devices. Previous match outcome, period of the season, and the performance streaks were also considered. Linear mixed models showed that team covered significantly less TD during the week after draw than after win (p < 0.05). In addition, most of the variables decreased as the season progressed. Finally, after medium-performance streaks, team covered significantly higher TD compared to high-performance streaks (p < 0.05) and low performance streaks (p < 0.01). These findings showed that low-performance streaks could reduce weekly external TL.

20 How Does the Number of Small Goals Affect National-Level Female Soccer Players in Game-Based Situations? Effects on Technical-Tactical, Physical, and Physiological Variables

Reference: Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 28;25(13):4035. doi: 10.3390/s25134035.
Authors: Dovydas Alaune, Audrius Snieckus, Bruno Travassos, Paweł Chmura, David Pizarro, Diogo Coutinho
Download link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12251661/pdf/sensors-25-04035.pdf
Summary: This study investigated the impact of varying the number of small goals on elite female soccer players‘ decision-making, technical-tactical skills, running performance, and perceived exertion during game-based situations (GBSs). Sixteen national female players (aged 22.33 ± 2.89 years) participated in three conditions within an 8vs8 game without a goalkeeper (45 × 40 m), each featuring a different number of small goals (1.2 × 0.8 m): (i) 1 small goal (1G); (ii) 2 small goals (2G); and (iii) 3 small goals (3G). Sensors to track players‘ positioning, perceived exertion, and notational analysis were used to evaluate player performance. The results indicated that players covered a greater distance at low intensity during the 2G condition compared to both 1G (p = 0.024) and 3G (p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, the 3G condition promoted a higher distance covered at high intensity compared to 2G (p ≤ 0.05). The 1G condition resulted in fewer accelerations (2G, p = 0.003; 3G, p < 0.001) and decelerations (2G, p = 0.012) compared to conditions with additional goals. However, there were no statistically significant effects on technical-tactical actions. Notably, a trend toward improved decision-making was observed in the 1G condition compared to 2G (ES = -0.64 [-1.39; 0.11]) and a longer ball possession duration compared to 3G (ES = -0.28 [-0.71; 0.16]). In conclusion, coaches working with elite female soccer players can strategically vary the number of goals to achieve specific physical aims (i.e., using 2G to emphasize acceleration and deceleration or 3G to promote high-intensity distance) with minimal effects on their perceived fatigue, technical-tactical variables, and decision-making.